Compiled by Jim Hachtel, President
Gen. William T. Sherman Memorial Civil War Roundtable
July 22, 1861 - With the tactical victory by the Confederate forces at First Bull Run (Manassas), General PTG Beauregard is regarded a hero and promoted to full general; Jubal A. Early becomes a brigadier.
July 22, 1861 - President Lincoln appoints Gen. George B. McClellan to replace Gen. Irvin McDowell. McDowell is disgraced at Bull Run.
July 22, 1861 - In western Virginia, Union General Robert Patterson is replaced by Gen. Nathaniel Banks. Patterson is blamed for failure to hold Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's Confederate troops in western Virginia (away from Manassas).
July 22, 1861 - CSA Gen. Barnard Bee dies of wounds suffered at Bull Run. Bee is best remembered as the officer that named "Stonewall" Jackson when he said "there stands Jackson as a stone wall," when he saw Gen. Jackson near the Henry House at Manassas.
July 22, 1861 - Gen. William J. Hardee takes command of Confederate forces in Arkansas.
July 22, 1861 - The U.S. House endorses the "Crittenden Resolution" voting to preserve the Union, govern under the Constitution, and keep a "hands off" policy toward slavery.
July 22, 1861 - Missouri State Convention delegates vote to move the capitol from Jefferson City to St. Louis and to continue to support the Union. Governor Claiborne F. Jackson, a secessionist, declares himself the only legitimate political authority in Missouri and remains at Jefferson City.
July 23, 1861 - Gen. McClellan's replacement as commander of the Department of the Ohio is Gen. William S. Rosecrans.
July 24, 1861 - Charleston and the Kanawha Valley are free of Confederate forces after Union General Jacob B. Cox defeats Gen. Harry A. Wise at Tyler Mountain in western Virginia.
July 25, 1861 - Congress endorses Pres. Lincoln's call for one million new troops to counter the end of the enlistment of the 90-day troops. A $100.00 enlistment bonus is offered for two-year enlistees.
July 25, 1861 - The U.S. Senate passes the so-called Crittenden Resolution on a 30 to 5 vote (see entry for July 22).
July 25, 1861 - At Fortress Monroe, Virginia, an observation balloon is tested for the first time by Confederate officials.
July 25, 1861 - Skirmishing is reported at Harrisville and Dug Springs, Missouri; near the Eel River in California; and at Ft. Fillmore near Mesilla in New Mexico Territory.
July 26, 1861 - Major Isaac Lynde surrenders about 500 Union troops to Confederate Captain John Baylor at Fort Fillmore, NM Territory. Lynde is drummed out of the service in disgrace.
July 26, 1861 - Confederate forces in east Tennessee are placed under command of Gen. Felix K. Zollicoffer.
July 27, 1861 - General George B. McClellan meets with Pres. Lincoln in Washington. Lincoln describes an offensive sweep from Virginia into Tennessee. McClellan shows resistance to the plan and reluctance to move as quickly as Pres. Lincoln indicates.
July 28, 1861 - After Gen. Robert Garnett's death (see July 13 entry) and the deterioration of Confederate Armies in western Virginia, Gen. Robert E. Lee takes temporary command in the area.
July 28, 1861 - New Madrid, Missouri, a Mississippi River town near the Kentucky/Tennessee border is occupied by Confederates.
July 29, 1861 - Horace Greeley, New York Tribune editor, suggests a peaceful negotiation to the end of fighting. He promoted the "On to Richmond" cry just weeks earlier.
July 29, 1861 - Union General John Pope takes command in northern Missouri after Gen. John C. Fremont is promoted to Western Department command headquarters in St. Louis.
******CORRECTION********
Last week the entry for July 25, 1861 - "At Fortress Monroe, Virginia, an observation balloon is tested for the first time by Confederate officials," is in error. Fortress Monroe was in Union hands throughout the Civil War. Union Major General John E. Wool (the oldest Union General in the war - born in 1794) reinforced Fortress Monroe just days after Fort Sumter was bombarded. There was a balloon test at Fortress Monroe by John LaMountain but it was the Union's second experiment. *********************
July 30, 1861 - Union Gen. Benjamin Butler sent a letter to U.S. Secretary of War, Simon Cameron, in an attempt to justify his refusal to release fleeing slaves on the grounds that they were "contraband of War."
July 30, 1861 - The Missouri State Convention declares the gubernatorial seat open. Former Governor Claiborne F. Jackson no longer has any power. (See July 22 entry).
July 31, 1861 - In Missouri, pro-Union forces rally with the news that Hamilton R. Gamble is appointed Governor.
July 31, 1861 - Pres. Lincoln appoints Former Army Officer Ulysses S. Grant General of Volunteers in Illinois.
July 31, 1861 - Newly appointed General John Pope, commanding in Missouri, issues order #3 restricting activity by Confederate sympathizers in northern Missouri, restoring order.
July 31, 1861 - The Missouri State Guard under Gen. Sterling Price unites with Texas troops (Gen. Ben McCulloch) and Arkansas troops (Gen. Nicholas B. Price) near Cassville, Missouri. The combined force of 12,000 now outnumbers U.S. Gen. Nathaniel Lyons' forces about two to one.
August 1, 1861 - Gen. Joseph E. Johnston is urged, by Jefferson Davis, to pursue offensive action against Union forces in Virginia. This comes with the strategic initiative gained at Bull Run.
August 1, 1861 - Generals Sterling Price and Ben McCulloch move their 12,000 combined troops toward Springfield from Cassville, Missouri.
August 1, 1861 - Gen. Robert E. Lee replaces Gen. William W. Loring as commander of Confederate troops in western Virginia.
August 1, 1861 - In New Mexico Territory, Captain John Baylor declares the entire region for the South. Skirmishing continues.
August 2, 1861 - Union Gen. Nathaniel Lyons and CSA Gen. Ben McCulloch clash at Dug Creek, Missouri. Lyons, badly outnumbered, calls for General John C. Fremont to march to his aid.
August 2, 1861 - Union forces abandon Fort Stanton, New Mexico Territory.
August 2, 1861 - An income tax is proposed for the first time in the U.S. The tax is 3% on income above $800.00. Higher tariffs and bonds are also to be issued to finance the war.
August 3, 1861 - An "Ironclad Board" is appointed and they soon authorize the construction of three ironclad ship prototypes.
August 3, 1861 - Union Col. William Tecumseh Sherman is promoted to Brigadier General of Volunteers.
August 5, 1861 - Congress passes the new income tax, tariffs, and bond sale proposed by Pres. Lincoln and ends their 34-day special session.
August 5, 1861 - General Nathaniel Lyons and his force falls back toward Springfield, Missouri.
August 6, 1861 - The 'First Confiscation Act' is signed by Pres. Lincoln. This emancipates all slaves found to be in use by Confederate forces.
